1. Engine design

Austrian AVL, German FEV, and British Ricardo are the world’s top three independent engine design companies. Together with the Italian VM that focuses on the diesel engine field, the engines of domestic independent brands are almost designed by these four companies.

// Austria AVL

At present, AVL's customers in China mainly include: Chery, Weichai, Xichai, Dachai, Shangchai, Yunnei, etc.

// Germany FEV

As early as the 1980s, it began to sell engine technology to Guangxi Yuchai. At present, its main customers in China include: FAW, SAIC, Brilliance, Lufeng, Yuchai, Yunnei, etc.

// Ricardo, United Kingdom

As early as the 1930s, it began to provide diesel engines to London buses and French Citroen. In recent years, the main achievements have been to design DSG transmissions for Audi R8 and Bugatti Veyron, help BMW optimize the K1200 series motorcycle engines, and help McLaren design Its first engine M838T and so on. Currently Ricardo's customers in China include: FAW, SAIC, Great Wall, Lifan, etc.

// Italy VM

Italian VM company, located in the same city as Ferrari, Lamborghini, and Maserati, provided engines for Land Rover Range Rover, Rover 800, and Alfa Romeo in the last century. Since 2004, Jiangling, Huatai, Changfeng, Great Wall, and SAIC have successively purchased VM diesel engine manufacturing technology and key production equipment, and then began to produce their own diesel engines.

2, gasoline engine

There is no doubt that Japan's Mitsubishi supplies almost all gasoline engines of its own brand cars that cannot produce its own engines. Mitsubishi Corporation, which has a low market share in China’s vehicle market, was matched by Mr. Yang Rong, a giant in the Chinese automobile industry, established Aerospace Mitsubishi in Shenyang, Liaoning in 1997, and Dongan Mitsubishi in Harbin, Heilongjiang in 1998, producing mid-range platoons. Gasoline engines with high volume and small displacement were used for Hafei, Southeast, Brilliance and other companies at that time.

With the rise of independent brands such as Chery, Geely, Brilliance, and BYD around 1999, when they were unable to produce their own engines at the beginning of their construction, the performance of the two engine companies invested by Mitsubishi in China has grown by leaps and bounds. Less money.

With the improvement of independent brand research and development capabilities, many auto companies such as SAIC, Dongfeng, Chery, etc. have established their own engine plants, and more and more manufacturers of self-produced engines have opened up a way to break the monopoly.

3. Diesel engine

In terms of light diesel engines, Isuzu is undoubtedly the king. The Japanese diesel engine and commercial vehicle giant established Qingling Motors and Jiangling Motors in Chongqing, Sichuan, China, and Nanchang, Jiangxi, respectively, in 1984 and 1985, and began to produce Isuzu pickups, light trucks, and 4JB1 engines that match them.

With the off-line of Ford Transit, Foton Scenery and other light buses, Isuzu engines have found a blue ocean in the light passenger market. At present, almost all diesel engines used in pickup trucks, light trucks and light passenger vehicles in China are purchased from Isuzu or produced using Isuzu technology.

In terms of heavy-duty diesel engines, Cummins of the United States takes the lead. This American independent engine manufacturer has only established 4 companies in China in terms of complete machine production: Dongfeng Cummins, Xi'an Cummins, Chongqing Cummins, Foton Cummins, and the supporting scope covers Dongfeng, Shaanxi Heavy Truck, Chongqing Iron Horse, Foton Auman Other heavy-duty truck companies, bus companies such as Yutong, Jinlong, Qingnian, Zhongtong, and construction machinery companies such as Sany Heavy Industry, Zoomlion, Xugong. It can be said that Cummins plays an important role in China's high-end heavy-duty diesel engine market.

4. Transmission

// Car transmission

Aisin, which is controlled by Toyota, is the world's leading automatic transmission manufacturer and the world's fifth-largest auto parts company. It has extended its reach to all corners of China's auto industry. In 1996, Tangshan Aisin Gear Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture to produce manual transmissions, and then became a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in 2003; in 2004, Tianjin Aida Automatic Transmission Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture to produce automatic transmissions.

According to incomplete statistics, foreign brands using Aisin transmissions include: Porsche, Hummer, Lexus, Volvo, Jeep, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Hyundai, Kia, Suzuki, Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Isuzu, Hino, Daihatsu;

Joint venture brands using Aisin transmissions include: Shanghai GM, Shanghai Volkswagen, FAW-Volkswagen, FAW Audi, Beijing Benz, Dongfeng Peugeot, Dongfeng Citroen, FAW Toyota, GAC Toyota, Changan Suzuki;

The independent brands that use Aisin transmissions are: BYD, Southeast, Great Wall, Brilliance, Changan, MG, Roewe, FAW Pentium, Dongfeng Fengshen, GAC Trumpchi.

// Heavy-duty transmission

Eaton in the United States and ZF in Germany not only control the global R&D and sales of heavy-duty transmissions, but also almost monopolize the Chinese heavy-duty transmission market. As early as the beginning of China's reform and opening up in the 1980s, Eaton and ZF transferred their heavy-duty transmission manufacturing technology to Shaanxi Automobile Manufacturing Plant and Sichuan Automobile Manufacturing Plant for a fee, respectively, for the Steyr heavy-duty trucks introduced at the same time. The two later evolved into Two dominant players in China's heavy-duty transmission market: Fast and Qijiang Gear.

Now, two international transmission giants have set up factories in China. In 1997, Eaton set up a wholly-owned plant in Shanghai to produce heavy-duty gearboxes, focusing on the high-end market; in 2003, Eaton Fast Gear (Xi'an) Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture with Fast and Xiang Torch. In 2004, FAW Eaton Transmission Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture with FAW, mainly supporting Jiefang heavy trucks.

ZF of Germany set up a wholly-owned plant in Suzhou to produce transmissions for passenger cars in 1998. In 2004, it set up a joint venture with SAIC to produce transmissions for passenger cars. In 2005, it set up a wholly-owned plant in Hangzhou to produce transmissions for trucks. Realize the joint venture to further expand the low-end market.

No matter how fierce the competition in China's heavy-duty truck market is and how profit margins fall, the two foreign companies behind the scenes, Eaton and ZF, have always lived well.

5. Electronic injection system

In order to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements of the Chinese government, electronic injection systems must be installed on all cars currently produced in China. Germany's Bosch, American Delphi, and Denso (belonging to the Toyota Group) accounted for almost all of China's EFI market share. Among them, Germany's Bosch has the largest market share, exceeding 60%. From independent brands to foreign brands, from cars to trucks, from gasoline cars to diesel cars, Chinese consumers will contribute thousands of dollars in profits to the three foreign companies mentioned above for every car they buy.

6. Automotive interior and exterior parts

Multinational component giants represented by Johnson Controls, Delphi (formerly General Motors Parts Division), Visteon (formerly Ford Automotive Parts Division), and French Faurecia, not only manufacture seats and instrument panels for domestic automakers , Armrests, door interiors, roof interiors, bumpers, lights, wipers, air-conditioning and other interior and exterior components, but also participated in the interior and exterior design at the beginning of the model design. The above-mentioned companies design and manufacture interior and exterior parts for almost all domestic passenger car manufacturers.

7, tires

Foreign tires include Kumho and Hankook in the low-end, Goodyear in the United States, Pirelli in the United States, Dunlop in the United Kingdom, Bridgestone, and Yokohama in the mid-range, and Michelin in the high-end. Most of the domestic tire market is laid out in mini-cars and commercial vehicles. Such as the positive new triangle.

8. Skylight system

From the high-end Rolls-Royce and Bentley to the low-end Chery and Xiali, the sunroofs used in the car are all from the same company—German Webasto. Germany Webasto obtained the first sunroof patent in 1936, and now has a global market share of more than 70% of automotive sunroofs. Webasto supplies almost all domestic joint venture brands and independent brands.

9. Car exterior design

In 1996, Pininfarina successfully designed the "Zhongyi" micro-face for Hafei Automobile, marking the beginning of the world's four major players in the Chinese market. Pininfarina has successively designed Hafei Saibao, Lobo, JAC Tongyue, Chery A3 and M14, Changfeng Feiteng, etc.;

Giugiaro's works include Brilliance Zunchi, Junjie, FAW Pentium, Dongfeng Fengshen H30, etc.;

Yi Dia has the first generation of Buick Lacrosse, Lufeng Fashion, Changan CM8, Benben and Haima 3 and other works have come out one after another;

Broadcom has fewer works, currently only Changhe Ideal and Chery Ruilin G6.

10. Conclusion

Domestic products should be self-improvement! After decades of development, the era of saving cars should be over.